• Mar 13, 2026 applied english phonology yavas chapter 6 kst/ or /ˈneɪkst/). Insertion and Epenthesis Adding sounds to ease pronunciation or break up difficult clusters. Common in casual speech or dialectal variations. Flapping and Tapping Characteristic of American English, where /t/ and /d/ between vowels are pronounced as a quick tap: "ladder" /ˈlædə BY Mr. Chaya Jones Jr.